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Computer Science: Data Representation
Question
What is a bit?
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Answer
The smallest unit of digital data — a binary digit that is either 0 or 1.
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Question
What is a byte?
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Answer
A group of 8 bits. One byte can represent 256 different values (0–255).
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Question
What is binary?
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Answer
Base-2 number system using only the digits 0 and 1. All digital computers represent data internally using binary.
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Question
What is denary (decimal)?
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Answer
Base-10 number system using digits 0–9. The number system used in everyday life.
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Question
Convert the binary number 1010 to denary.
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Answer
10. (1×8) + (0×4) + (1×2) + (0×1) = 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 10.
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Question
Convert the denary number 25 to binary.
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Answer
11001. 16+8+1 = 25 → 11001.
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Question
What is hexadecimal?
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Answer
Base-16 number system using digits 0–9 and letters A–F (where A=10, B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14, F=15). Used as a compact way to represent binary.
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Question
Why is hexadecimal used in computing?
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Answer
One hex digit represents exactly 4 bits (a nibble), so it's a compact and human-readable way to express binary values — used in colour codes, memory addresses, etc.
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Question
What is ASCII?
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Answer
American Standard Code for Information Interchange — a character encoding standard that maps characters (letters, digits, symbols) to 7-bit binary numbers.
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Question
What is Unicode and why was it developed?
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Answer
A universal character encoding standard that can represent characters from all the world's writing systems. ASCII only covers 128 characters; Unicode handles over 1 million.
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