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Atomic Structure Flashcards
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Cover sub-atomic particles, electronic configuration, isotopes and the history of atomic models with these free Chemistry flashcards. Great for GCSE and A Level Chemistry revision.
Question
What are the three subatomic particles and their charges?
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Answer
Proton (+1), neutron (0), electron (−1).
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Question
Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom?
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Answer
In the nucleus at the centre of the atom.
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Question
What is the atomic number?
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Answer
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (defines the element).
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Question
What is the mass number?
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Answer
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
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Question
What are isotopes?
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Answer
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
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Question
How many electrons can the first, second, and third electron shells hold?
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Answer
First shell: 2; second shell: 8; third shell: 8 (at GCSE level).
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Question
What is the electronic configuration of sodium (Na, atomic number 11)?
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Answer
2, 8, 1.
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Question
How does the number of electrons in the outer shell relate to group number?
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Answer
The number of outer electrons equals the group number (for groups 1–7).
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Question
What is relative atomic mass (Ar)?
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Answer
The weighted mean mass of an atom relative to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
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Question
How do you calculate the relative atomic mass from isotope data?
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Answer
Ar = Σ(isotope mass × % abundance) / 100.
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