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The Holocaust Flashcards
Free GCSE History Revision Study Cards
These free History flashcards cover the persecution of Jewish people and other groups under Nazi rule, from the early anti-Jewish laws to the Final Solution and its lasting legacy.
Question
What was the Holocaust?
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Answer
The systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews — and millions of others including Roma, disabled people, LGBTQ+ people, and political opponents — by the Nazi regime between 1933 and 1945.
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Question
What was the Nazi ideology toward Jewish people?
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Answer
Nazis promoted virulent antisemitism, portraying Jewish people as a racial enemy responsible for Germany's problems. They used pseudoscientific racism to classify Jews as subhuman and a threat to the "Aryan master race."
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Question
What were the Nuremberg Laws (1935)?
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Answer
Nazi racial laws that stripped Jewish Germans of citizenship, prohibited marriage or sexual relations between Jews and non-Jews, and legally defined who was classified as Jewish — stripping Jews of basic rights.
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Question
What was Kristallnacht (November 1938)?
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Answer
The "Night of Broken Glass" — a coordinated pogrom across Nazi Germany and Austria. Jewish synagogues, businesses, and homes were destroyed; around 100 Jews were killed, 30,000 sent to concentration camps.
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Question
What was the Einsatzgruppen?
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Answer
Mobile SS death squads that followed the German army into the Soviet Union after June 1941. They shot over 1.5 million Jewish people (and others) in mass executions — including the Babi Yar massacre near Kyiv (33,771 killed in two days).
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Question
What was the Wannsee Conference (January 1942)?
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Answer
A meeting of senior Nazi officials that coordinated the "Final Solution" — the systematic murder of all European Jews using extermination camps. It was an administrative conference, not where the decision to commit genocide was made.
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Question
What were the extermination camps?
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Answer
Six camps in occupied Poland — Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, Sobibór, Bełżec, Chełmno, and Majdanek — purpose-built for mass murder using gas chambers. Over three million people were killed at these sites.
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Question
What was Auschwitz-Birkenau?
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Answer
The largest Nazi concentration and extermination camp complex in occupied Poland. Over 1.1 million people were murdered there (around 90% Jewish). Prisoners were selected on arrival — those deemed unfit for forced labour were killed immediately.
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Question
What were ghettos?
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Answer
Overcrowded, sealed-off areas in occupied cities where Nazis forced Jewish people to live in horrific conditions before deportation. The Warsaw Ghetto held over 400,000 people; the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was a major act of resistance.
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Question
Who were the Righteous Among the Nations?
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Answer
Non-Jews who risked their lives to rescue Jewish people during the Holocaust. Recognised by Yad Vashem, they include Oscar Schindler, Raoul Wallenberg, and Nicholas Winton (Kindertransport).
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