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Physics: Electricity & Circuits
Question
What is electric current?
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Answer
The rate of flow of electric charge. Measured in amperes (A). I = Q/t (current = charge / time).
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Question
What is voltage (potential difference)?
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Answer
The energy transferred per unit charge between two points in a circuit. Measured in volts (V). V = W/Q (voltage = work done / charge).
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Question
What is resistance?
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Answer
The opposition to the flow of current in a circuit. Measured in ohms (Ω). R = V/I.
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Question
State Ohm's Law.
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Answer
The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it, provided temperature is constant. V = IR.
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Question
What is the difference between series and parallel circuits?
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Answer
Series: components connected in a single loop — same current, voltages add up. Parallel: components on separate branches — same voltage, currents add up.
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Question
What is the total resistance of resistors in series?
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Answer
R_total = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + … (resistances simply add together).
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Question
What is the total resistance of resistors in parallel?
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Answer
1/R_total = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃ + … (reciprocals add, then take the reciprocal).
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Question
What is electrical power?
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Answer
The rate at which energy is transferred. P = IV = I²R = V²/R. Measured in watts (W).
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Question
What is the difference between AC and DC?
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Answer
DC (direct current) flows in one direction only (e.g. batteries). AC (alternating current) periodically reverses direction (e.g. mains electricity).
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Question
What is a diode?
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Answer
A component that allows current to flow in one direction only. Used to convert AC to DC (rectification) and in LED lights.
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