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DNA and Protein Synthesis Study Cards
Free A Level Biology Revision Flashcards
From the double helix to translation at the ribosome, these free flashcards walk you through every step of DNA replication and protein synthesis for A Level Biology.
Question
What is the structure of DNA?
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Answer
A double helix made of two antiparallel polynucleotide strands joined by complementary base pairs (A–T, G–C) via hydrogen bonds.
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Question
What are the four bases in DNA?
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Answer
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).
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Question
What is the base-pairing rule in DNA?
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Answer
A pairs with T (2 hydrogen bonds); G pairs with C (3 hydrogen bonds).
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Question
What is transcription?
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Answer
The process by which a section of DNA is used as a template to synthesise a complementary mRNA strand, carried out in the nucleus.
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Question
What is translation?
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Answer
The process by which ribosomes decode mRNA codons to assemble a polypeptide chain from amino acids.
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Question
What is a codon?
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Answer
A sequence of three bases on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid (or start/stop signal).
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Question
What is the role of tRNA in translation?
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Answer
tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching its anticodon to the mRNA codon.
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Question
What enzyme synthesises mRNA during transcription?
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Answer
RNA polymerase.
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Question
What is a gene?
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Answer
A sequence of DNA bases on a chromosome that codes for a specific polypeptide or functional RNA molecule.
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Question
What is semi-conservative replication?
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Answer
Each new DNA double helix contains one original (template) strand and one newly synthesised strand.
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