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Human Reproduction Flashcards
Free GCSE and A Level Biology Revision Cards
Cover the full reproductive cycle from hormones and ovulation through to fertilisation, implantation, and pregnancy. These free Biology flashcards are ideal for GCSE and A Level revision.
Question
What are the main hormones involved in the menstrual cycle?
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Answer
FSH (stimulates follicle growth), LH (triggers ovulation), oestrogen (thickens uterus lining), and progesterone (maintains the lining after ovulation).
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Question
What triggers ovulation?
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Answer
A surge in LH (luteinising hormone) around day 14 of the menstrual cycle causes the mature follicle to release an egg.
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Question
Where does fertilisation normally occur?
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Answer
In the fallopian tube (oviduct), shortly after ovulation.
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Question
What is the function of the placenta?
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Answer
Allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between mother and fetus without mixing blood. Also produces progesterone to maintain the pregnancy.
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Question
What is the role of progesterone during pregnancy?
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Answer
Maintains the uterus lining, prevents further ovulation, and supports the developing embryo and fetus.
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Question
What is implantation?
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Answer
The process by which the fertilised egg (blastocyst) embeds into the uterus wall, approximately 6–10 days after fertilisation.
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Question
What changes occur during puberty in males?
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Answer
Testosterone triggers: testis growth, sperm production, pubic/facial/body hair, voice deepening, muscle development, and penis enlargement.
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Question
What changes occur during puberty in females?
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Answer
Oestrogen and progesterone trigger: breast development, pubic/underarm hair, menstruation, widening of hips, and growth of uterus and ovaries.
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Question
What is IVF and how does it work?
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Answer
In vitro fertilisation: eggs are collected after FSH stimulation, fertilised with sperm outside the body, and one or two embryos are transferred to the uterus.
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Question
What is the function of FSH in IVF treatment?
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Answer
FSH is given in high doses to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs, which are then collected for fertilisation.
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